Once the majestic capital of Vietnam’s final feudal dynasty, the Hue Imperial City continues to captivate visitors today with its vast, exquisite royal architectural complex, bearing the hallmarks of a glorious past. Join Laguna Lăng Cô on a journey to explore the unique features and fully appreciate the timeless architectural beauty of this World Heritage site.
Index
Introduction to The Hue Imperial City
The Hue Imperial City (Dai Noi) is one of the most significant historical structures within the Complex of Hue Monuments, constructed under the Nguyễn Dynasty. Construction began in the early 19th century and was completed in the early 20th century, reflecting the distinct characteristics of feudal royal architecture. In 1993, UNESCO designated the complex as a World Cultural Heritage site.
The construction of the Imperial City spanned approximately 30 years, requiring the mobilisation of tens of thousands of labourers and vast quantities of materials. The process involved multiple stages, including levelling the ground, digging moats, and erecting fortified city walls.
Today, visitors to the Imperial City have the opportunity to explore a system of magnificent palaces, majestic temples, and venerable shrines. The complex includes the Imperial City, where important court ceremonies took place, and the Forbidden Purple City, the residential area for the emperor and the royal family. Furthermore, notable structures such as the Thai Hoa Palace, Ngo Mon Gate, and Can Chanh Palace contribute to the unique beauty of this heritage site.
History of The Hue Imperial City
In 1802, immediately after unifying the country and ascending the throne, Emperor Gia Long – the first emperor of the Nguyen Dynasty – decided to designate Hue as the capital. As the primary means of transport at the time were horses and elephants, the emperor believed a central location would be more convenient for communication and administration.
In the summer of 1805, Emperor Gia Long personally, along with his high-ranking mandarins, conducted a site survey to ensure a strategic and geomantically favourable location.
This ambitious project was constructed continuously over 27 years (1805 – 1832) across the reigns of two emperors, Gia Long and Minh Mang.
- During the initial phase, around 30,000 soldiers and conscripted labourers were mobilised to carry out crucial tasks such as diverting river flows, digging moats, and building the city walls.
- By 1818, the labour force increased to 80,000 people to complete the fortified walls on all four sides: East, West, South, and North.
- In 1831 – 1832, Emperor Minh Mang further reinforced the city walls by constructing an outer system of ramparts, completing the overall structure of the Imperial City.
The best time to explore Hue Imperial City
For a memorable visit, tourists should choose an appropriate time to explore Hue Imperial City. Here are two ideal periods:
- January to March: This is springtime when the weather is pleasant, neither too hot nor too cold. Nature awakens, with trees sprouting new leaves and flowers blooming vibrantly along every path. The Perfume River (Song Huong) also takes on a gentler appearance, creating a picturesque atmosphere for visitors to stroll and fully savour the ancient charm of the Imperial City.
- April to June: This period hosts major festivals, notably the Hue Festival – a signature cultural event of Central Vietnam. Visiting the Imperial City during this time allows tourists not only to admire the solemn beauty of the palaces but also to immerse themselves in unique artistic activities and discover the rich traditional cultural values of this former capital region.
Admiring the Unique Architectural Structures within Hue Imperial City
Ngo Mon Gate – The Majestic Gateway to the Imperial City
The Ngo Mon Gate is the main entrance to the Hue Imperial City, an architectural symbol deeply marked by the Nguyen Dynasty era. The structure was built on a grand scale, featuring multiple layers of defence and a surrounding moat. Having withstood the ravages of time, Ngo Mon Gate retains its imposing presence, remaining an integral part of the nation’s history.
Located on the southern side of the Imperial City, Ngo Mon Gate was designed with five distinct entrances. The central passage was reserved exclusively for the emperor, the two adjacent gates were for civil and military mandarins, and the two outermost gates were used by soldiers and the royal entourage. Atop sits the Pavilion of Five Phoenixes (Lau Ngu Phung), a sturdy two-storey structure made of ironwood. Notably, its roofing system consists of nine intricately carved roof sets; the central roof is covered with yellow glazed tiles symbolising imperial authority, while the remaining roofs use green tiles. Under the Nguyen Dynasty, this was the venue for important court ceremonies.
Thai Hoa Palace – Symbol of Imperial Power
Situated within the Imperial City grounds, Thai Hoa Palace was where the emperor held significant court audiences. This structure is not only politically important but also a prominent architectural masterpiece within the Dai Noi.
The palace was constructed entirely from precious ironwood, with the roof and pillars featuring exquisite carvings characteristic of the Nguyen Dynasty’s artistic style. In the very centre of the palace stands the throne where the emperor presided, embodying the solemnity and supreme power of the monarchy.
Dai Cung Mon – The Main Gate to the Forbidden Purple City
Dai Cung Mon served as the gateway into the Forbidden Purple City (Tu Cam Thanh) area. Emperor Minh Mang commissioned its construction in 1833. This structure comprised three entrances and five sections, built entirely of wood with yellow hoang luu ly glazed tiles. However, Dai Cung Mon was severely damaged during wartime and is currently under research for restoration.
Ta Vu and Huu Vu – Solemn Ceremonial Spaces
Built in the early 19th century and located just in front of Can Chanh Palace, Ta Vu (Left Hall) and Huu Vu (Right Hall) were where preparations for court ceremonies took place. Ta Vu was designated for civil mandarins, while Huu Vu was for military mandarins. Additionally, these halls hosted the palace examinations (Thi Dinh) and royal banquets. Today, Ta Vu is used to display historical artefacts, while Huu Vu has become a popular spot for tourists.
Can Chanh Palace – The Quintessence of Wooden Architecture in the Forbidden Purple City
Can Chanh Palace is one of the most remarkable structures within the Dai Noi. It is situated on the North-South axis, directly aligned with Thai Hoa Palace. Can Chanh Palace was the venue for the emperor’s regular working audiences and was constructed with a massive wooden framework. A notable feature of the palace is its pillars and framework, which are meticulously carved, showcasing the sophisticated craftsmanship of Nguyen Dynasty architecture.
Engaging Activities When Visiting Hue Imperial City
If you are looking for memorable experiences during your visit to Hue Imperial City, don’t miss the suggestions below. These activities will help you fully enjoy the beauty of this unique complex of monuments!
Explore the Imperial City by Cyclo
An enjoyable way to admire the ancient beauty of the Hue Imperial City is to take a cyclo ride around the area. You will have the chance to get a panoramic view of the architectural works without excessive exertion, whilst also experiencing the peaceful rhythm of life in the former capital. Cyclo hire typically ranges from 30,000 to 50,000 VND per trip, offering a relaxing yet comprehensive tour.
Admire the Imperial City at Night
As dusk falls, the Imperial City takes on a completely new appearance – shimmering and magical under the lights. The ancient atmosphere combined with brilliant illumination creates a stunning setting, ideal for a leisurely stroll or capturing impressive moments with your camera.
Immerse Yourself in the Atmosphere of Royal Festivals
When visiting the Imperial City, tourists can not only admire the architecture but also participate in distinctive cultural activities. Festivals reflecting royal traditions are often re-enacted on special occasions, such as the Hue Festival, offering you a chance to discover the beauty of the ancient royal court. Additionally, you can visit the Dien Tho Residence area to enjoy tea and experience a relaxing royal atmosphere.
Conclusion
The Hue Imperial City (Dai Noi) is not merely an architectural heritage site but also a place where the cultural essence of the Nguyen Dynasty converges. A visit here promises unforgettable memories, from exploring magnificent structures to immersing yourself in the atmosphere of the former royal court.
Concluding your inspiring journey of discovery through the Hue Imperial City, let Laguna Lăng Cô be your ideal retreat to relax and continue enjoying the beauty of the ancient capital in your own unique and complete way.
